Which feature is typical of community-based upgrading in urban slums?

Which feature is typical of community-based upgrading in urban slums?

• A. Tenure regularization and utility connections.
• B. Replacing tenure insecurity with ownership.
• C. Promoting privatization of water supply.
• D. Displacing residents without consultation.

Answer: (B)

Community-based upgrading in urban slums centers on giving residents secure, recognized rights to their housing and land while also improving access to essential services, all through participatory planning. This makes tenure regularization and utility connections the typical hallmark, because when people have secure tenure and basic services like water and electricity, they are more likely to invest in their homes and live with greater health and safety. Granting full ownership is not usually an immediate or universal outcome of these programs, as formal titles can be complex to provide and may carry risks if not designed carefully. Privatizing water or displacing residents without consultation would run counter to the collaborative, service-focused approach that characterizes community-based upgrading.

Community-based upgrading in urban slums centers on giving residents secure, recognized rights to their housing and land while also improving access to essential services, all through participatory planning. This makes tenure regularization and utility connections the typical hallmark, because when people have secure tenure and basic services like water and electricity, they are more likely to invest in their homes and live with greater health and safety. Granting full ownership is not usually an immediate or universal outcome of these programs, as formal titles can be complex to provide and may carry risks if not designed carefully. Privatizing water or displacing residents without consultation would run counter to the collaborative, service-focused approach that characterizes community-based upgrading.